🚀 Production Deployment Guide

Deploy your Dubhe applications to production with confidence using battle-tested strategies

Prerequisites: Completed application development and local testing

🎯 Deployment Overview

Deploying a Dubhe application involves multiple components working together to provide a seamless user experience.

Smart Contracts

Move contracts deployed to blockchain networks

Indexer Service

Real-time blockchain event processing

Frontend Application

User interface with WebSocket connections

📋 Pre-Deployment Checklist

Code Audit & Security Review

Smart Contract Audit

Review all Move contracts for vulnerabilities
Run formal verification tools
Check access control mechanisms
Validate input sanitization

Frontend Security

Audit client-side code
Verify API endpoints
Check authentication flows
Review environment variable usage

Performance Testing

# Load testing with realistic user scenarios
pnpm run test:load

# Gas optimization testing
pnpm run test:gas-optimization

# Frontend performance testing
pnpm run test:lighthouse

Integration Testing

# Full end-to-end testing
pnpm run test:e2e

# Cross-chain compatibility testing
pnpm run test:multi-chain

# Real network testing (testnet)
pnpm run test:testnet

⛓️ Blockchain Deployment

Network Configuration

Mainnet Configuration
Testnet Configuration

// dubhe.config.js
export default {
  networks: {
    'sui-mainnet': {
      url: 'https://fullnode.mainnet.sui.io:443',
      faucet: null, // No faucet on mainnet
      packageId: null, // Will be set after deployment
    },
    'aptos-mainnet': {
      url: 'https://fullnode.mainnet.aptoslabs.com/v1',
      faucet: null,
      packageId: null,
    }
  },
  deployment: {
    network: 'sui-mainnet',
    gasPrice: 1000, // Higher gas price for faster confirmation
    gasLimit: 10000000,
    confirmations: 3, // Wait for 3 confirmations
  }
}

// For final testing before mainnet
export default {
  networks: {
    'sui-testnet': {
      url: 'https://fullnode.testnet.sui.io:443',
      faucet: 'https://faucet.testnet.sui.io/gas',
      packageId: '0x123...', // From previous deployment
    }
  },
  deployment: {
    network: 'sui-testnet',
    gasPrice: 1000,
    gasLimit: 5000000,
    confirmations: 1,
    // Test with production-like settings
    enableAnalytics: true,
    enableErrorReporting: true,
  }
}

Contract Deployment Process

Pre-deployment Verification

# Verify all contracts compile without errors
dubhe build --network mainnet

# Run comprehensive test suite
dubhe test --coverage

# Validate schema consistency
dubhe schema validate

# Check gas estimation
dubhe estimate-gas --network mainnet

Staged Deployment

# Deploy to testnet first (final verification)
dubhe deploy --network sui-testnet --verify

# Run integration tests against testnet deployment
pnpm run test:integration --network testnet

# Deploy to mainnet (production)
dubhe deploy --network sui-mainnet --verify

# Verify deployment on explorer
dubhe verify --network sui-mainnet

Post-deployment Validation

# Test basic functionality
dubhe test:smoke --network mainnet

# Initialize game state if needed
dubhe init-game-state --network mainnet

# Set up monitoring and alerts
dubhe setup-monitoring --network mainnet

Multi-Chain Deployment Strategy

Sequential Deployment

# Primary chain deployment (usually Sui)
dubhe deploy --network sui-mainnet
export PRIMARY_PACKAGE_ID=$(dubhe get-package-id --network sui-mainnet)

# Secondary chain deployments
dubhe deploy --network aptos-mainnet --reference-package $PRIMARY_PACKAGE_ID
dubhe deploy --network rooch-mainnet --reference-package $PRIMARY_PACKAGE_ID

# Verify cross-chain compatibility
dubhe test:cross-chain --all-networks

Parallel Deployment

# Deploy to multiple chains simultaneously
dubhe deploy --network sui-mainnet,aptos-mainnet,rooch-mainnet --parallel

# Sync package IDs across deployments
dubhe sync-package-ids --all-networks

# Validate consistent behavior
dubhe validate-consistency --all-networks

🗃️ Indexer Service Deployment

Infrastructure Requirements

Database

PostgreSQL 14+ with optimized configuration for high-throughput writes

Message Queue

Redis for real-time event processing and WebSocket management

Container Runtime

Docker with orchestration via Kubernetes or Docker Compose

Load Balancer

NGINX or cloud load balancer for distributing client connections

Docker Configuration

Dockerfile
Docker Compose

# Dockerfile for Dubhe indexer
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

FROM node:18-alpine AS runner

WORKDIR /app
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs
RUN adduser -S dubhe -u 1001

COPY --from=builder --chown=dubhe:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=dubhe:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=dubhe:nodejs /app/package.json ./package.json

USER dubhe

EXPOSE 3001 3002

CMD ["npm", "start"]

version: '3.8'

services:
  dubhe-indexer:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3001:3001" # API server
      - "3002:3002" # WebSocket server
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL}
      - REDIS_URL=${REDIS_URL}
      - BLOCKCHAIN_RPC_URL=${BLOCKCHAIN_RPC_URL}
      - PACKAGE_ID=${PACKAGE_ID}
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    restart: unless-stopped
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3001/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  postgres:
    image: postgres:14
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=dubhe_indexer
      - POSTGRES_USER=${DB_USER}
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

Kubernetes Deployment

Deployment Manifest
Configuration

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dubhe-indexer
  labels:
    app: dubhe-indexer
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: dubhe-indexer
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: dubhe-indexer
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: indexer
        image: your-registry/dubhe-indexer:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3001
          name: api
        - containerPort: 3002
          name: websocket
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: DATABASE_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: dubhe-secrets
              key: database-url
        - name: REDIS_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: dubhe-secrets
              key: redis-url
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "2Gi"
            cpu: "1"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: dubhe-indexer-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: dubhe-indexer
  ports:
  - name: api
    port: 80
    targetPort: 3001
  - name: websocket
    port: 3002
    targetPort: 3002
  type: LoadBalancer

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: dubhe-config
data:
  indexer.yaml: |
    server:
      port: 3001
      websocketPort: 3002
      maxConnections: 10000
    
    blockchain:
      networks:
        - name: sui-mainnet
          rpc: https://fullnode.mainnet.sui.io:443
          packageId: "0x123..."
          startBlock: 1000000
    
    database:
      maxConnections: 20
      connectionTimeout: 30000
      queryTimeout: 60000
    
    cache:
      ttl: 300 # 5 minutes
      maxSize: 10000
    
    monitoring:
      enabled: true
      metricsPort: 9090
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: dubhe-secrets
type: Opaque
stringData:
  database-url: "postgresql://user:password@postgres:5432/dubhe"
  redis-url: "redis://redis:6379"
  monitoring-token: "your-monitoring-token"

🖥️ Frontend Deployment

Static Site Deployment

Vercel Deployment
Netlify Deployment
Self-Hosted (NGINX)

# Install Vercel CLI
npm install -g vercel

# Deploy to Vercel
vercel --prod

# Set environment variables
vercel env add NEXT_PUBLIC_INDEXER_URL production
vercel env add NEXT_PUBLIC_WEBSOCKET_URL production
vercel env add NEXT_PUBLIC_NETWORK production

// vercel.json
{
  "version": 2,
  "builds": [
    {
      "src": "package.json",
      "use": "@vercel/next"
    }
  ],
  "env": {
    "NEXT_PUBLIC_INDEXER_URL": "https://api.your-game.com",
    "NEXT_PUBLIC_WEBSOCKET_URL": "wss://api.your-game.com",
    "NEXT_PUBLIC_NETWORK": "mainnet"
  },
  "headers": [
    {
      "source": "/(.*)",
      "headers": [
        {
          "key": "X-Content-Type-Options",
          "value": "nosniff"
        },
        {
          "key": "X-Frame-Options",
          "value": "DENY"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

# netlify.toml
[build]
  publish = "out"
  command = "npm run build"

[build.environment]
  NODE_VERSION = "18"
  NEXT_PUBLIC_INDEXER_URL = "https://api.your-game.com"
  NEXT_PUBLIC_WEBSOCKET_URL = "wss://api.your-game.com"
  NEXT_PUBLIC_NETWORK = "mainnet"

[[headers]]
  for = "/*"
  [headers.values]
    X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
    X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
    Content-Security-Policy = "default-src 'self'; connect-src 'self' wss://api.your-game.com https://api.your-game.com https://fullnode.mainnet.sui.io"

[[redirects]]
  from = "/api/*"
  to = "https://api.your-game.com/:splat"
  status = 200
  force = true

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name your-game.com www.your-game.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name your-game.com www.your-game.com;
    
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-game.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-game.com/privkey.pem;
    
    root /var/www/dubhe-frontend;
    index index.html;
    
    # Frontend static files
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        
        # Cache static assets
        location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
            expires 1y;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
        }
    }
    
    # API proxy to indexer
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://indexer-backend:3001/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
    
    # WebSocket proxy
    location /ws/ {
        proxy_pass http://indexer-backend:3002/;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
    }
    
    # Security headers
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin";
}

📊 Monitoring & Observability

Application Monitoring

Health Checks
Metrics Collection

// Health check endpoints for monitoring
import express from 'express';
import { pool } from './database';
import { redis } from './redis';

const app = express();

app.get('/health', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    // Check database connection
    await pool.query('SELECT 1');
    
    // Check Redis connection
    await redis.ping();
    
    // Check blockchain RPC
    const rpcResponse = await fetch(process.env.BLOCKCHAIN_RPC_URL);
    if (!rpcResponse.ok) throw new Error('RPC not responding');
    
    res.json({
      status: 'healthy',
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      services: {
        database: 'ok',
        redis: 'ok',
        blockchain: 'ok'
      }
    });
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(503).json({
      status: 'unhealthy',
      error: error.message,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
  }
});

app.get('/ready', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    // More comprehensive readiness check
    const dbResult = await pool.query('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM entities');
    const redisInfo = await redis.info();
    
    res.json({
      status: 'ready',
      metrics: {
        entityCount: parseInt(dbResult.rows[0].count),
        redisMemoryUsage: redisInfo.used_memory_human,
        uptime: process.uptime()
      }
    });
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(503).json({
      status: 'not ready',
      error: error.message
    });
  }
});

// Prometheus metrics
import prometheus from 'prom-client';

// Create metrics
const httpRequests = new prometheus.Counter({
  name: 'http_requests_total',
  help: 'Total number of HTTP requests',
  labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'status']
});

const websocketConnections = new prometheus.Gauge({
  name: 'websocket_connections_active',
  help: 'Number of active WebSocket connections'
});

const blockchainEvents = new prometheus.Counter({
  name: 'blockchain_events_processed',
  help: 'Number of blockchain events processed',
  labelNames: ['event_type', 'network']
});

const databaseQueries = new prometheus.Histogram({
  name: 'database_query_duration_seconds',
  help: 'Duration of database queries',
  labelNames: ['query_type']
});

// Middleware to track metrics
app.use((req, res, next) => {
  const start = Date.now();
  
  res.on('finish', () => {
    const duration = Date.now() - start;
    httpRequests.inc({
      method: req.method,
      route: req.route?.path || req.path,
      status: res.statusCode
    });
  });
  
  next();
});

// Metrics endpoint
app.get('/metrics', async (req, res) => {
  res.set('Content-Type', prometheus.register.contentType);
  res.end(await prometheus.register.metrics());
});

Error Tracking & Logging

Structured Logging
Error Tracking (Sentry)

import winston from 'winston';

const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
  format: winston.format.combine(
    winston.format.timestamp(),
    winston.format.errors({ stack: true }),
    winston.format.json()
  ),
  transports: [
    new winston.transports.Console(),
    new winston.transports.File({ 
      filename: 'error.log', 
      level: 'error' 
    }),
    new winston.transports.File({ 
      filename: 'combined.log' 
    })
  ]
});

// Usage in application
logger.info('Blockchain event processed', {
  eventType: 'ComponentAdded',
  entity: entityId,
  component: componentType,
  network: 'sui-mainnet',
  blockNumber: blockNumber
});

logger.error('Database query failed', {
  query: 'SELECT * FROM entities',
  error: error.message,
  duration: queryDuration
});

import * as Sentry from '@sentry/node';

Sentry.init({
  dsn: process.env.SENTRY_DSN,
  environment: process.env.NODE_ENV,
  tracesSampleRate: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 0.1 : 1.0,
});

// Error handling middleware
app.use(Sentry.Handlers.errorHandler());

// Custom error tracking
function trackError(error: Error, context: any) {
  Sentry.withScope(scope => {
    scope.setContext('game_context', context);
    scope.setLevel('error');
    Sentry.captureException(error);
  });
}

// Usage
try {
  await processBlockchainEvent(event);
} catch (error) {
  trackError(error, {
    event_type: event.type,
    block_number: event.blockNumber,
    network: event.network
  });
  throw error;
}

🚦 CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

Main Workflow
Testing Pipeline

name: Deploy to Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '18'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Run tests
        run: npm run test:ci
      
      - name: Run linting
        run: npm run lint
      
      - name: Build contracts
        run: npm run build:contracts
      
      - name: Gas optimization check
        run: npm run test:gas

  deploy-contracts:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup deployment environment
        run: |
          echo "PRIVATE_KEY=${{ secrets.DEPLOY_PRIVATE_KEY }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
          echo "RPC_URL=${{ secrets.MAINNET_RPC_URL }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      
      - name: Deploy to Sui Mainnet
        run: |
          npm run deploy:sui-mainnet
          echo "SUI_PACKAGE_ID=$(npm run get-package-id:sui)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      
      - name: Deploy to Aptos Mainnet
        run: |
          npm run deploy:aptos-mainnet
          echo "APTOS_PACKAGE_ID=$(npm run get-package-id:aptos)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      
      - name: Update package registry
        run: |
          npm run update-package-registry

  deploy-indexer:
    needs: [test, deploy-contracts]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Build Docker image
        run: |
          docker build -t dubhe-indexer:${{ github.sha }} .
          docker tag dubhe-indexer:${{ github.sha }} dubhe-indexer:latest
      
      - name: Push to registry
        run: |
          echo ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} --password-stdin
          docker push dubhe-indexer:${{ github.sha }}
          docker push dubhe-indexer:latest
      
      - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
        uses: azure/k8s-deploy@v1
        with:
          manifests: |
            k8s/deployment.yaml
            k8s/service.yaml
          images: |
            dubhe-indexer:${{ github.sha }}

  deploy-frontend:
    needs: [test, deploy-contracts]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '18'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Build frontend
        run: npm run build
        env:
          NEXT_PUBLIC_INDEXER_URL: ${{ secrets.PRODUCTION_INDEXER_URL }}
          NEXT_PUBLIC_WEBSOCKET_URL: ${{ secrets.PRODUCTION_WS_URL }}
          NEXT_PUBLIC_SUI_PACKAGE_ID: ${{ env.SUI_PACKAGE_ID }}
          NEXT_PUBLIC_APTOS_PACKAGE_ID: ${{ env.APTOS_PACKAGE_ID }}
      
      - name: Deploy to Vercel
        uses: amondnet/vercel-action@v20
        with:
          vercel-token: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
          vercel-org-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_ORG_ID }}
          vercel-project-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_PROJECT_ID }}
          vercel-args: '--prod'

name: Continuous Testing

on:
  pull_request:
    branches: [main, develop]
  push:
    branches: [develop]

jobs:
  unit-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '18'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Run unit tests
        run: npm run test:unit -- --coverage
      
      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3

  integration-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres:14
        env:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: testpass
          POSTGRES_DB: dubhe_test
        options: >-
          --health-cmd pg_isready
          --health-interval 10s
          --health-timeout 5s
          --health-retries 5
      
      redis:
        image: redis:7-alpine
        options: >-
          --health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
          --health-interval 10s
          --health-timeout 5s
          --health-retries 5
    
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '18'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Start local blockchain
        run: npm run start:local-node &
      
      - name: Deploy to local network
        run: npm run deploy:local
      
      - name: Run integration tests
        run: npm run test:integration
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:testpass@localhost:5432/dubhe_test
          REDIS_URL: redis://localhost:6379

  e2e-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '18'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Install Playwright
        run: npx playwright install
      
      - name: Start application
        run: |
          npm run build
          npm run start &
          npx wait-on http://localhost:3000
      
      - name: Run E2E tests
        run: npm run test:e2e
      
      - name: Upload test results
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        if: always()
        with:
          name: playwright-results
          path: test-results/

🛡️ Security Considerations

Environment Security

Secret Management

Use environment-specific secrets
Rotate keys regularly
Never commit secrets to code
Use vault systems in production

Network Security

Enable HTTPS/WSS everywhere
Configure proper CORS policies
Use rate limiting
Implement DDoS protection

Environment Variables
Security Headers

# Production environment variables
NODE_ENV=production

# Database (use connection pooling)
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:secure_password@db-cluster:5432/dubhe_prod
DATABASE_MAX_CONNECTIONS=20
DATABASE_SSL=true

# Redis (use cluster for HA)
REDIS_URL=redis://redis-cluster:6379
REDIS_PASSWORD=secure_redis_password

# Blockchain connections
SUI_RPC_URL=https://fullnode.mainnet.sui.io:443
APTOS_RPC_URL=https://fullnode.mainnet.aptoslabs.com/v1

# Package IDs (set after deployment)
SUI_PACKAGE_ID=0x123...
APTOS_PACKAGE_ID=0x456...

# Monitoring
SENTRY_DSN=https://your-sentry-dsn
MONITORING_TOKEN=secure_monitoring_token

# Security
CORS_ORIGIN=https://your-game.com
RATE_LIMIT_REQUESTS=1000
RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW=900000

# Feature flags
ENABLE_ANALYTICS=true
ENABLE_DEBUG_LOGS=false

// Express.js security middleware
import helmet from 'helmet';
import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
import cors from 'cors';

app.use(helmet({
  contentSecurityPolicy: {
    directives: {
      defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
      styleSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
      scriptSrc: ["'self'"],
      connectSrc: [
        "'self'",
        "wss://api.your-game.com",
        "https://fullnode.mainnet.sui.io",
        "https://fullnode.mainnet.aptoslabs.com"
      ],
    },
  },
}));

app.use(cors({
  origin: process.env.CORS_ORIGIN?.split(',') || ['http://localhost:3000'],
  credentials: true,
}));

const limiter = rateLimit({
  windowMs: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW) || 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
  max: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_REQUESTS) || 100,
  message: 'Too many requests from this IP',
});

app.use('/api/', limiter);

📈 Performance Optimization

Database Optimization

Index Strategy

-- Optimize for common query patterns
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_entity_components ON entity_components(entity_id, component_type);
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_events_timestamp ON blockchain_events(timestamp DESC);
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_players_active ON players(last_active) WHERE active = true;

-- Partial indexes for better performance
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_entities_alive ON entities(id) WHERE status = 'alive';
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_recent_events ON events(created_at) WHERE created_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '1 hour';

-- Analyze query performance
EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) SELECT * FROM entities WHERE component_type = 'HealthComponent';

Connection Pooling

import { Pool } from 'pg';

const pool = new Pool({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  max: 20, // Maximum connections
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 2000,
  maxUses: 7500, // Rotate connections
  ssl: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? { rejectUnauthorized: false } : false,
});

// Connection health monitoring
pool.on('connect', (client) => {
  console.log('New database connection established');
});

pool.on('error', (err) => {
  console.error('Database connection error:', err);
  // Alert monitoring systems
});

Caching Strategy

Redis Caching
Application-Level Caching

import Redis from 'ioredis';

const redis = new Redis({
  host: process.env.REDIS_HOST,
  port: parseInt(process.env.REDIS_PORT || '6379'),
  password: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
  retryDelayOnFailover: 100,
  enableReadyCheck: true,
  maxRetriesPerRequest: null,
});

// Cache component data
export async function getCachedComponent(entityId: string, componentType: string) {
  const cacheKey = `entity:${entityId}:${componentType}`;
  const cached = await redis.get(cacheKey);
  
  if (cached) {
    return JSON.parse(cached);
  }
  
  // Fetch from database
  const component = await db.getComponent(entityId, componentType);
  
  // Cache for 5 minutes
  await redis.setex(cacheKey, 300, JSON.stringify(component));
  
  return component;
}

// Invalidate cache on updates
export async function invalidateEntityCache(entityId: string) {
  const pattern = `entity:${entityId}:*`;
  const keys = await redis.keys(pattern);
  
  if (keys.length > 0) {
    await redis.del(...keys);
  }
}

import NodeCache from 'node-cache';

// In-memory cache for frequently accessed data
const memCache = new NodeCache({
  stdTTL: 300, // 5 minutes default
  checkperiod: 60, // Clean expired keys every minute
});

// Cache expensive calculations
export function getCachedStats(playerId: string) {
  const cacheKey = `stats:${playerId}`;
  let stats = memCache.get(cacheKey);
  
  if (!stats) {
    stats = calculatePlayerStats(playerId);
    memCache.set(cacheKey, stats, 600); // Cache for 10 minutes
  }
  
  return stats;
}

// Cache game configuration
const gameConfig = memCache.get('game:config') || (() => {
  const config = loadGameConfiguration();
  memCache.set('game:config', config, 3600); // Cache for 1 hour
  return config;
})();

🔄 Rollback & Recovery

Deployment Rollback Strategy

Database Migrations

-- Always create reversible migrations
-- Migration up: 20231201_add_new_component_table.sql
CREATE TABLE new_component_data (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    entity_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    component_data JSONB NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
);

-- Migration down: 20231201_add_new_component_table_rollback.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS new_component_data;

Smart Contract Upgrades

# Prepare upgrade with backwards compatibility
dubhe prepare-upgrade --version v2.1.0 --backwards-compatible

# Deploy upgrade to staging first
dubhe deploy-upgrade --network testnet --version v2.1.0

# Test upgrade thoroughly
npm run test:upgrade-compatibility

# Deploy to production with rollback plan
dubhe deploy-upgrade --network mainnet --version v2.1.0 --enable-rollback

# If issues occur, rollback immediately
dubhe rollback --network mainnet --to-version v2.0.5

Service Rollback

# Kubernetes rollback
kubectl rollout undo deployment/dubhe-indexer

# Docker Compose rollback
docker-compose down
docker-compose pull dubhe-indexer:v2.0.5
docker-compose up -d

# Verify rollback success
curl -f http://your-api/health

​🚀 Production Deployment Guide

​🎯 Deployment Overview

Smart Contracts

Indexer Service

Frontend Application

​📋 Pre-Deployment Checklist

Smart Contract Audit

Frontend Security

​⛓️ Blockchain Deployment

​Network Configuration

​Contract Deployment Process

​Multi-Chain Deployment Strategy

​🗃️ Indexer Service Deployment

​Infrastructure Requirements

Database

Message Queue

Container Runtime

Load Balancer

​Docker Configuration

​Kubernetes Deployment

​🖥️ Frontend Deployment

​Static Site Deployment

​📊 Monitoring & Observability

​Application Monitoring

​Error Tracking & Logging

​🚦 CI/CD Pipeline

​GitHub Actions Workflow

​🛡️ Security Considerations

​Environment Security

Secret Management

Network Security

​📈 Performance Optimization

​Database Optimization

​Caching Strategy

​🔄 Rollback & Recovery

​Deployment Rollback Strategy

​📋 Post-Deployment Checklist

​🚀 Scaling Considerations

​Horizontal Scaling Strategies

Indexer Scaling

Frontend Scaling

​📚 Further Resources

Performance Guide

Testing Guide

Monitoring Best Practices

Community Support

🚀 Production Deployment Guide

🎯 Deployment Overview

📋 Pre-Deployment Checklist

⛓️ Blockchain Deployment

Network Configuration

Contract Deployment Process

Multi-Chain Deployment Strategy

🗃️ Indexer Service Deployment

Infrastructure Requirements

Docker Configuration

Kubernetes Deployment

🖥️ Frontend Deployment

Static Site Deployment

📊 Monitoring & Observability

Application Monitoring

Error Tracking & Logging

🚦 CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

🛡️ Security Considerations

Environment Security

📈 Performance Optimization

Database Optimization

Caching Strategy

🔄 Rollback & Recovery

Deployment Rollback Strategy

📋 Post-Deployment Checklist

🚀 Scaling Considerations

Horizontal Scaling Strategies

📚 Further Resources